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Painting for Beginners: How a Viewfinder Can Help With Your Compositions

Viewcatcher
Viewcatcher

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What is a viewfinder?

A viewfinder is a valuable tool when cropping in art. It enables you to frame or crop your subject to achieve a better composition.

It is usually a square or a rectangle made out of card or plastic through which you look at an area in more detail. It is similar to a viewfinder on a camera with a zoom lens, in that you use your physical viewfinder to zoom in and out of a scene. To do that, hold it far away from you, then squint your eyes. This will help you use the principle of cropping in art to find a good arrangement or composition of shapes and values. Zooming in on a scene also simplifies the scene in front of you.

What kind of viewfinders are available for cropping a composition?

Use a viewfinder to help you find a good composition. There a several different types you can use.

Fixed frame

fixed frame viewfinder
fixed frame viewfinder

You can make these yourself from a piece of cardboard, poster board, or card stock. All you have to do is cut a rectangle out of your material, then cut a rectangle in the middle in the ratio to the support you are going to paint on. The outer rectangle removes any distraction from the scene and allows you to focus on what is important.

Create a different viewfinder for each of the different ratio size panels you use. For example, a ¾ ratio viewfinder is good for 6x8in (15x20cm), 9x12in (23x30cm), and 12x16in (30x40cm) panels. A 4/5 ratio viewfinder is good for 8x10in (20x25cm) and 16x20in (40x50cm) panels.

Variable frame – card

adjustable viewfinder
adjustable viewfinder

You can make, or buy, a frame that will work with canvases that have different aspect ratios by using two L-shaped pieces of card held together with paper clips. These can be useful for wider angle scenes in which you are including most of your field of vision in your composition. They can be used for unusual ratios, for example if you want to use a much wider support to capture a panoramic view, or a taller ratio for a figure painting.

Variable frame – plastic

If you do not want to make your own viewfinder, there are some commercially produced ones that work just as well, such as the ViewCatcher. It is colored a #5 gray to help judge values, and has a small sight opening in the center that enables you to see values.

Make sure to buy one that has the painting support sizes marked on the viewfinder itself. This will ensure you are using the correct ratio opening for the size you are painting onto.

viewfinder
viewfinder

You can purchase viewfinders on Amazon, artist supplies stores, some plein air painting easel manufacturers, and some camera supplies stores.

Simple frame

hand viewfinder
hand viewfinder

As a last resort, if you do not have your viewfinder with you, you can use your hands.

How to use a viewfinder to crop your subject

To get interesting ideas for compositions, use a viewfinder to select a part of the scene in front of you. There are two ways of looking at your scene and cropping in art:

cropping in art

Distant cropping, in which you fit your complete subject within the frame. 

cropping in art

Close cropping, in which you bring the viewer close to your subject so that the frame of the viewer cuts right across the shapes of important objects in your picture.

Use the painting’s borders to create new and interesting positive and negative shapes, and enhance the abstract quality of your composition.

Two common problems when using a viewfinder for cropping in art

This may sound obvious, but it is easy to make a mistake in your composition if you don’t:

  • make sure that the aspect ratio of your compositional sketch matches the opening in your viewfinder.
  • ensure that the aspect ratio of your canvas matches the aspect ratio of your compositional sketch.

I hope this article on viewcatchers has been helpful. Happy cropping!

Thank You

Thank you for taking the time to read this article. I hope you find it useful. If you would like to get free painting tips by email, please sign up for my free tips newsletter.

If you are interested in a structured approach for learning how to paint, take a look at my online painting classes.

Happy painting!

Barry John Raybould
Virtual Art Academy

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